First received 1 june 1972 and in final form 14 november 1972 al traetcyclones are probably the most widely used industrial dust collecting devices. Optimization of novel photobioreactor design using computational fluid dynamics shape optimization in ship hydrodynamics using computational fluid dynamics. An oil mist was used as a test aerosol because it consisted of spherical drops of uniform density. The efficiency achieved with this design is of the order of 91.
Starting from a stairmand design an improved cyclone geometry is found using seven geometrical design variables. The approach is valid for standard cyclones with squared tangential inlets and with a small dust load in the order of max 10 gm3. Effect of particle diameter and injection januarymarch. An experimental study on performance improvement of the. Cyclone performance and design david leith and dilip mehta ambient purification technology, inc.
Alexanderfundamentals of cyclone design and operation. Unfortunately, it is impossible to always accommodate stairmand cyclone in the industrial processes, therefore an optimal design best suited for the need has to be explored. The reynolds stress rsm modelpredicted results, in the case of pure gas, are within engineering accuracy even at high temperatures. Finally an example of how cfd can be used to investigate the erosion in a cyclone separator is presented before outlining general recommendations and future developments in cyclone design. The flow field pattern and gas cyclone performance have been investigated using. Air cyclones are a popular method for separating out particulates due to their simple design and low capital and running costs. In this work, stairmand, swif and lapple cyclones were chosen for analysis. The effect of the cyclone length on the performance of stairmand. The obtained optimal cyclone model was close to the stairmand high efficiency design, and achieved a 27% decrease in the pressure drop and 20% improvement of the cutoff size compared to the stairmand design.
A particleladen flow inside solid gas cyclones has been studied using computational fluid dynamics cfd. A theoretical study had been carried out to evaluate and predict the performance of a mrdeduster. Cyclone performance and design 533 0 z cyclone design con. The key for stairmand high efficiency cyclone design lies on the optimal geometrical ratio of cone length to diameter ld4. Pdf an experimental study on performance improvement of. Analysis and optimisation of cyclone separators geometry using. A cfd comparison between the original design and the new design has been performed. Comparison of the performance of mrdeduster with other. The cyclone was pilotplant scale with a design air flow of 0. Huge cyclone separators are widely used in various industries since decades but due to lack of research in micro scale cyclones no direct and sufficient data is available. This construction is widely used for the separation of droplets from gases. Using the granular mixture model for the cases of particleladen. Collection efficiency and pressure drop were measured over a range of air flows at ambient tempera ture and pressure. Tangential inlets are preferred for the separation of solid particles from gases.
Correlation between entry velocity, pressure drop and. Basic design of cyclone separators a cyclone separator uses inertial and gravitational forces to separate particulate matter from gas. An accurate prediction of cyclone pressure drop is very important because it. T he simple operating principle belies the complexity of the air motion inside the cyclone. Multiobjective optimization of a gas cyclone separator using genetic algorithm and computational fluid dynamics. Study of the pressure drop and flow field in standard gas. The neural network was trained and tested against the available experimental data in the literature.
After cyclone type decision, the basic project dimension must. Cfd analysis of symmetrical tangential inlet cyclone separator. New cyclones overperform the standard stairmand design performance. An empirical, nondimensional correlation of cutpoint stokes number stk0. From these data, it appears that the barth, stairmand, and shepherd and lapple methods are best.
A good understanding of the fluid dynamics in a cyclone is required in order to make further design improvements. When removing particulate matter from liquid, a hydrocyclone is used. In this model, gas spins through a number n of revolutions in the outer. Cyclone geometry used in this simulation stairmands optimized.
This design guide is based on the works published by bohnet in 1997. The first step to dimension a cyclone is the decision of cyclone type according to project requirements. In view of this, a benchmark study was firstly performed for a single phase flow in a stairmand design cyclone using four different turbulence models, in order to verify the prediction accuracy of. The table below lists some of the standard designs. Cyclone calculator solving for inlet velocity given gas viscosity, inlet width, cut diameter, effective turns, particle density and gas density cyclone design equations formulas calculator inlet gas velocity. Table 1 gives an overview of the dimensional parameters of the models used in this study. Rotational effects and gravity are used to separate mixtures of solids and fluids. Performance analysis and design of small diameter cyclones. Lacorapplied mathematical modelling 37 20 56805704 5681. Design of high efficiency cyclone for tiny cement industry. Figure 1 shows a schematic of widely used inverse flow cyclone and depicts main parts and dimensions.
However, in most cases, the improvement in efficiency is marginal and in some cases it is associated with complex structure and additional operating costs gregg, 1995. The effects of high temperatures and different particle loadings have been investigated. A centrifugal blower of the cyclone, which was integrated with a heat exchanger, generated a f orced smokeair stream of the indirect smokehouse. Stein in their book on gas cyclones26, mf, mc and me are the mass flow rate of the feed, mass. Cyclone theory collection efficiency a very simple model can be used to determine the effects of both cyclone design and operation on collection efficiency.
In the evaluation of a cyclone design, pressure drop is a primary consideration. These parameters are the collection efficiency of particle and pressure drop through the cyclone dirgo and leith, 1985. The genetic algorithms optimization technique has been applied to obtain a new geometrical ratio for minimum euler number and for minimum euler and stokes numbers. Pdf design of cyclone by stairmad method for the control of.
The stairmand cyclone model is one of the highest e. The simulations confirm the superior performance of the new design. Computational fluid dynamics is used to predict cyclone performance. For different types of inlet or higher dust loads, some corrections are necessary. Analysis of a computational fluid dynamics simulation accurately revealed that the air flow behavior in cyclone separator consists of two vortexes. Licht, chem eng nov 7 1977, 80 pressure drop vel head correlation from a better way to calculate cyclone pressure drop j. Cyclonic separation is a method of removing particulates from an air, gas or liquid stream, without the use of filters, through vortex separation. Design and analysis of cyclone seperator ijert journal. To study the variations in pressure and velocity 5 different sections are created along the y axis as shown in the table 5. Cyclone data from new design approach boosts cyclone efficiency, w. Cyclone performance and optimization technical report. The variation in the pressure and velocity inside the cyclone is shown in the fig 5. Using stairmand method the present paper aims at designing of high efficiency cyclone. Multiobjective optimization of a stairmand cyclone.
The proposed design of micro scale cyclone separator is low cost as well as portable and easy to manufacture. Multiobjective optimization of a gas cyclone separator. Analysis and optimisation of cyclone separators geometry. This study selects the cyclone configuration designed by stairmand in 1951 as its basis and applies the cyclone quality factor to evaluate the cyclone performance. As it was mentioned before, the cyclone of study has a cylindrical body of 10 mm in diameter with a. Table 1 the geometrical parameters values for stairmand design.
Therefore, cyclone quality must be compared only under identical air flow and particle size. Material and method the cyclone dimensions used in. Introduction the tiny cement plants are having a capacity of ranging from 20tpd to 50tpd. The method can also be used to separate fine droplets of.
Experiments using three different configurations of the small diameter cyclone were carried out. The flow rates were chosen to provide preselected increments of particle. Four cyclones with body diameters of 38,57,89, and 140 mm were constructed and tested with monodisperse aerosols over a range of flow rates. Hydrodynamic simulation of cyclone separators intechopen.
Cfd analysis stairmand s optimized design analysis cyclone geometry import the cyclone design from the solid works. Standard cyclone dimension as per stairmand a high efficiency b high gas. Pdf design of high efficiency cyclone for tiny cement industry. Starting from a stairmand design an improved cyclone geometry is found.
The results obtained from the standard stairmand design were then subjected to the optimization. Stairmand conducted so many experiments on the cyclone separator and finally developed the optimized geometrical ratios. Comparison of different models of cyclone prediction. Derksen kramers laboratorium voor fysische technologie, delft university of technology, prins bernhardlaan 6, 2628 bw delft, the netherlands largeeddy simulations les were performed on the gas flow in a stairmand high efficiency cyclone at res280,000. Separation performance predictions of a stairmand high. Fakhrulrazi 1department of chemical and environmental engineering, faculty of engineering, universiti putra malaysia, 43400 upm, serdang, selangor darul ehsan. In this paper, a comparative study was done to investigate the performance of mrdeduster with other conventional cyclones in terms. A cfd analysis on the effect of vortex finder and cylindrical length on cyclone hydrodynamics and centrifugal forces luqman chuah a. The driving force for particle separation in a cyclone separator is the strong. The effect of particle size and input velocity on cyclone separation process 119 stairmand 1951, barth 1956, lapple 1951 and leith and licht 1972.
Validation of a procedure for dimensioning a cyclone. The stairmand s optimized design results are shown in above graphs. The present paper aims at designing of high efficiency cyclone by using stairmand method for a tiny cement plant. A new type of cyclone design configuration called mrdeduster, which contains multi cyclone, has been developed. Cyclone design equations formulas calculator inlet gas. Because it is directly proportional to the energy requirement, knowledge of pressure drop through a cyclone is essential in designing a fan system. The gassolids cyclone separator is industrial equipment that has. Although many procedures for calculating cyclone pressure drop and collection. Four cyclones with body diameters of 38, 57, 89, and 140 mm were constructed and tested with monodisperse aerosols over a range of flow rates. The first configuration 1 was the high efficiency stairmand cyclone with d e d c 0.
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