International conference held in tokyo in november, 2001 the international community. A 12page briefing paper, afghanistan s bonn agreement. In the afghan context, a peace consolidation agreement should have been inclusive and designed to undo the structural problems that had led to crisis and conflict. The administration, led by president hamid karzai, faces daunting tasks in the reconstruction of the country, the restoration of law and. The usled campaign in the country led to the collapse of the taliban regime, the entry. The current development of enduring reconstruction and state. This collection includes agreements and other documents which emerged from major. After the 2001 agreement on provisional arrangements in afghanistan pending the reestablishment of permanent government institutions, better known as the bonn agreement, western powers gradually realized that their early accommodation of northern alliance leaders. Under the karzai government, the rule of law applied throughout. Bonn process the invasion of afghanistan and ousting of the taliban in september 2001 followed the talibans refusal to hand osama bin laden over. Introduction the october 2001 international intervention in afghanistan was justified in part by evocations of the talibans systematic mistreatment of women.
The bonn agreement, signed by a select group of afghan strongmen and us allies in december 2001, established the blueprint for a posttaliban afghanistan. Instead, the bonn agreement reinforced the very tendencies and personalities that were central to decades of armed violence and the crisis of governance that afghanistan needed to. General provisions 1 an interim authority shall be established upon the official transfer of power on 22 december 2001. Issue a decree clarifying the constitutional status of the attorney generals office, on the basis of the judicial commissions recommendation. The politics of disarmament and rearmament in afghanistan deedee derksen cover photo. As a formal matter, greater rights and equality for women and girls are reflected in afghanistan s constitution as well as in laws, legislative gender quotas, and institutions established to address gender equality and genderbased violence. Agreement on provisional arrangements in afghanistan pending. The participants of the bonn agreement have strongly expressed their.
A catalog of missed opportunities, released today by human rights watch, analyzes conditions in the country one year after the agreement. The composition and functions of the interim authority are delineated. Afghanistans bonn agreement one year later human rights watch. The center for preventive action afghanistans uncertain. Bonn 2001 began a journey toward afghanistans stabil. It examines the main developments since the end of october 2001, including the ongoing military campaign, the bonn agreement on. Afghanistan northern alliance, and brought about the talibans defeat. Agreement on provisional arrangements in afghanistan pending the reestablishment of permanent government institutions bonn agreement summary. What do experiences from the 2001 bonn process reveal about priorities for peace talks today for example relating to ownership, participation, powersharing and the sequencing of inclusion. Afghanistans bonn agreement one year later a catalog of missed opportunities introduction a few weeks after the united states and its coalition partners toppled the taliban in late 2001. Afghanistans political and constitutional development.
The afghanistan compact includes building blocks for a transitional justice process. After operation enduring freedom in which the taliban government was toppled in afghanistan, in december 2001, the german city of bonn hosted a conference of afghan leaders at hotel petersberg, to choose the leader of an afghan interim authority widely known as the bonn conference. Afghanistan country reports on human rights practices 2003 released by the bureau of democracy, human rights, and labor. Adopted by the security council at its 4501st meeting, on 28 march 2002 the security council, reaffirming its previous resolutions on afghanistan, in particular its resolutions 78 2001 of 14 november 2001, 83 2001 of 6 december 2001, and 86 2001 of 20 december 2001, recalling all relevant general assembly resolutions, in particular. The afghanistan pakistan regional program of the center on international cooperation would like to thank the. Afghanistan unama to replace the smaller, longstanding u.
The first step in the process took place in 2001 with the interna tional conference that produced the bonn agreement. The second international bonn conference on afghanistan. Bonn agreement officially the agreement on provisional arrangements in afghanistan pending the reestablishment of permanent government institutions, the bonn agreement was the initial series of agreements intended to recreate the state of afghanistan following the u. Evidently, afghanistan is still far from reaching the commitments and benchmarks set in bonn accord 2001 fifteen years ago. Unfortunately, they exceed what afghanistan and the u. Afghanistan during the negotiation of the bonn agreement, afghan constitution, afghanistan compact, and afghanistan national. Assessing the 3d approach conference report 1 afghanistan is in the midst of a historic transition. Politics in posttaliban afghanistan 225 national reconciliation, lasting peace, stability and respect for human rights in the country. Some of us forcefully argued for a heavy footprint on the model of cambodia, east timor, bosnia, or kosovo, since. The bonn agreement left this possibility open by avoiding an amnesty provision and creating a national human rights body, the aihrc. Table of contents bonn agreement the first international bonn conference on afghanistan bonn, december 2001 cochairs summary of conclusions of the tokyo conferenceinternational conference on. Afghanistan since the bonn agreement international alert. The instrument of accession entered into force on 1 april 2010.
Envoy to the afghan opposition, ambassador james dobbins, led a diverse group of international diplomats and warriors to consensus and charted the political course for afghanistan well into the decade. Afghanistans political and constitutional development 1. Invasion of afghanistan in response to september 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, an invasion which ended the twentyplusyearlong afghan. Following the collapse of the taliban regime in late 2001, the international community began a collaborative effort with afghans to rebuild viable economic and political structures in afghanistan. In 2001, the contracting parties also adopted a decision to modify the zones of responsibility to align them with exclusive economic zones. Agreement on provisional arrangements in afghanistan pending the. Afghanistan pending the reestablishment of permanent government institutions, signed in bonn on 5 december 2001 s 2001 1154 the bonn agreement, taking note of the request to the security council in annex 1, paragraph 3, to the bonn agreement to consider authorizing the early deployment to afghanistan. This agreement establishes an interim authority until the transitional. International conference on afghanistan, bonn 2001 wikipedia. The bonn agreement of 2001 was not a peace agreement, but rather an. Ten years ago in bonn, germany, the united nations envoy to afghanistan, ambassador lakhdar brahimi, and u.
Endorses the establishment, for an initial period of 12 months from the date of adoption of this resolution, of a united nations assistance mission in afghanistan unama, with the mandate and structure laid out in the report of the secretarygeneral of 18 march 2002 s2002278. Letter dated 5 december 2001 from the secretarygeneral addressed to the president of the security council as you are aware, the delegations participating in the united nations talks on afghanistan today signed in bonn the agreement on provisional arrangements in afghanistan pending the reestablishment of permanent government institutions. The seed of democracy planted in bonn in late 2001 took firm root on december 19 when afghanistans first elected parliament in more than 30 years opened amid tight security in a wardevastated. The process that led to the bonn agreement bonn 2001, or bonn i reflects the best of u. The conference chose hamid karzai, who was subsequently elected president in 2004. Developing a framework for ssr and ddr in afghanistan afghanistan s ddr program and security sector reforms were developed in fits and starts over more than five years. After the 2001 agreement on provisional arrangements in afghanistan pending the rees. In 2002 karzai was selected president of the transitional islamic state of afghanistan, whose ruling council included disparate leaders of the. The bonn agreement was the initial series of agreements passed on december 5, 2001 and.
Creating a new afghanistan filling the vaccum campaign. Existing laws, not inconsistent with the bonn agreement, the countrys international obligations, or applicable provisions of the constitution, remained in effect. Geared to a process of peace consolidation, democratization and related state building, it achieved some progress. That plan called for the establishment of independent commissions to oversee the rebuilding of the judiciary, monitoring of human rights, drafting. Officially the agreement on provisional arrangements in afghanistan pending the reestablishment of permanent government institutions, the bonn agreement was the initial series of agreements intended to recreate the state of afghanistan following the u.
The bonn agreement set out the process for drafting a new constitution and holding presidential and parliamentary elections. A 12page briefing paper, afghanistans bonn agreement. Its progress to date has been guided by a 2001 treaty, the bonn agreement on provisional arrangements in afghanistan, which transferred power to the afghan interim authority chaired by hamid karzai. As a formal matter, greater rights and equality for women and girls are reflected in afghanistans constitution as well as in laws, legislative gender quotas, and institutions established to address gender equality and genderbased violence. The 2001 bonn agreement, which was the first formal doc. The bonn process came to an end with the establishment of the afghan parliament in december 2005. The us invasion of afghanistan in october 2001 left little space for constructing a framework for the kind of wartopeace transitions that by then had become a model for unsupported peace agreements. After this point, hekmatyar remained in pakistan while other leaders combined forces against the taliban under the name of the united front or northern alliance. This agreement, of which the annexes constitute an integral part, done in bonn on this 5th day of december 2001 in the english language, shall be the authentic text, in a single copy which shall remain deposited in the archives of the united nations. Afghanistans bonn agreement one year later a catalog of. Opposition afghan parties reached agreement in december 2001 on an interim governing structure for the country, pending the establishment of a permanent broadbased, representative and democraticallyelected government. International conference on afghanistan, bonn 2001.
Like other armed groups in transnational wars, the taliban have also become closely linked to grey and black markets not only narcotics, but also afghanistans many valuable minerals. The participants of the bonn agreement have strongly expressed their determination to end the tragic conflict in afghanistan and to promote national reconciliation,respect for. Disband the national security courts and halt establishment of any new courts or justice. Afghanistans bonn agreement one year later human rights. Strategic perspectives 8 center for strategic research. Pdf the exclusion of the taliban from afghanistans. The bonn agreement of december 2001 providing for the reestablishment of permanent government institutions in afghanistan was fully completed with the adoption of a constitution in january. The participants of the bonn agreement have strongly expressed their determination to. Under the agreement, an interim administration would be formed at the bonn meeting and would run the country for the next three to six months until an emergency meeting of the loya jirga, the. Developing a framework for ssr and ddr in afghanistan afghanistans ddr program and security sector reforms were developed in fits and starts over more than five years. The 2001 bonn agreement involved an agreed transfer of power from one nominal head of state, burhanuddin rabbani, to another, hamid karzai, after the fall of the taliban regime, and occurred without substantial violent conflict both during the negotiations and over the threeyear period covered by the bonn process.
What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page. The bonn agreement has set the tone and trajectory for much of afghanistan s political transition since 2001. It offered a vision of a state with a broadbased, gender. In december 2001, afghan leaders in exile signed the bonn agreement, forming an interim government, the afghan interim administration, under the leadership of the pashtun moderate hamid karzai. This agreement establishes an interim authority until the transitional authority is established by the emergency loya jirga. The bonn agreement, brokered by the united nations on december 5, 2001. Searching for political agreement carnegie endowment. The bonn agreement, which was negotiated four years ago, has been a remarkably successful road map toward. Existing laws, not inconsistent with the bonn agreement, the countrys international obligations, or applicable provisions of the constitution.
The process that led to the bonn agreement bonn 2001, or bonn i reflects the. Afghanistan has made impressive progress since the fall of the taliban in november 2001. Agreement for cooperation in dealing with pollution of the north sea. This collection of afghanistan agreements emerged from the recognition that stakeholders interested in afghanistan should be able to access major, official texts concerning afghanistan in one document, without having to search through dozens of websites and files. Te politics of disarmament and rearmament in afganistan by that time, warlords had asserted their control.
What went wrong after bonn what went wrong after bonn. The bonn agreement officially the agreement on provisional arrangements in afghanistan pending the reestablishment of permanent government institutions was the initial series of agreements passed on december 5, 2001 and intended to recreate the state of afghanistan following the u. The bonn agreement of december 2001, intended to put in place a broadbased, gendersensitive, multiethnic and fully representative government, has been successfully implemented. Marchapril, 2002, while on leave from undpunocha in afghanistan, and. The situation in afghanistan and its implications for. Bonn agreement called for specific attention to the role of women and established a dedicated government structure for this purpose, the ministry of womens affairs. Developing a framework for ssr and ddr in afghanistan. Building a state to keep the peace maxplanckinstitut. The divergent aims of bonn and berlin highlight the main argument of this paper. Agreement on provisional arrangements in afghanistan. Democratic aspirations and destabilizing outcomes in afghanistan. In 2001, bonn agreement contracting parties adopted a decision providing for the accession of ireland to the bonn agreement. A mechanism for transitional justice in afghanistan was not established as part of the bonn agreement.
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